The Transformative Power of House Plants: How Greenery Can Enhance Health and Wellbeing.

Read Time 10 mins

In the bustling tapestry of modern life amid the concrete jungles and digital landscapes, there exists a silent force of healing and rejuvenation: plants. These green beings, with their quiet grace and unassuming presence, hold within them the transformative power to uplift our physical surroundings, elevate our homes and safe guard our health and well-being.

From their ability to purify the air we breathe, to their capacity to soothe our restless minds, the restorative effects they have on us, and the valuable relationships we build with them when sharing our homes, gardens and wider world illustrate the roles they play as profound therapeutic tools.

With £6.1 billion spent by Brits on plants in 2022 it’s clear we’re a nation hooked on houseplants. No home of mine has ever felt complete without something leafy gracing a corner of it. So let us honour the ancient understanding and wealth of wisdom passed down through millennia, celebrate the science and symbiotic relationship that exists between us, and delve together into the multifaceted benefits of our beloved green guardians.

NATURE’S AIR PURIFIERS

Often hailed as nature’s silent warriors, plants play a pivotal role in purifying the air we breathe. Whilst no substitute for air purifying machines, they nevertheless possess remarkable abilities to absorb harmful pollutants, filter out toxins and release life-giving oxygen back into our rooms.

The science behind this phenomenon, known as phytoremediation, is as elegant as it is effective. This fascinating natural process involves the ability of certain plants to remove, degrade, or render harmless various pollutants and contaminants from the environment.

While phytoremediation is often associated with outdoor remediation projects- such as cleaning up contaminated soil or water in industrial sites- its principles can also be applied on a smaller scale within our homes using houseplants.

In the context of houseplants, phytoremediation primarily focuses on the ability of certain species to purify indoor air by absorbing and metabolising airborne toxins through their roots and leaves. As houseplants take up water from the soil, they draw in contaminants present in the air. Supporting phytoremediation is a process called transpiration, where the water is drawn (along with these absorbed contaminants) from the soil and released it into the air as water vapour through tiny pores in the leaves. Alongside water vapor, through photosynthesis, plants also release oxygen which is essential for human survival. Collectively these processes effectively purify the indoor environment.

Among the myriad pollutants that plants can remove from the air, formaldehyde, benzene and trichloroethylene stand out as common household culprits. Found in everyday items such as furniture, carpets, cleaning products and paints, these volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can have detrimental effects on human health when present in high concentrations and all contribute to the indoor air pollution we breath within our homes.

Certain plant species have been shown to excel at filtering toxins with a diverse array of botanical champions renowned for their phytoremediative prowess. From the graceful peace lily to the resilient spider plant, each species possesses unique traits that make it well-suited to cleansing the air of specific pollutants.

Given the huge variety of houseplants out there, not all have been tested for their air purifying properties. But of those that have, the following tend to score consistently well across studies done to date.

TOP PERFORMERS IN THE REALM OF INDOOR AIR PURIFICATION

• Snake Plant: Also known as Mother-in-Law’s Tongue, this yellow-tipped succulent releases oxygen at night, helping you to breathe better while sleeping. It is one of the best plants for filtering the air of formaldehyde, xylene, benzene, toluene, and trichloroethylene.

• Spider Plant: Quietly battle toxins including carbon monoxide and xylene, a solvent used in the printing and rubber industries. NASA studies showed it was successful at reducing 90% of formaldehyde in the air.  If you have pets, this is also a houseplant that is non-toxic to animals.

• Peace Lily: Particularly effective at removing carbon monoxide, alcohols, trichloroethylene, acetone, formaldehyde and benzene.

• Devils Ivy: Famed for its large, waxy leaves, the Devil’s Ivy is perfect for keeping the air in your home clean, notably proving in NASA studies to reduce formaldehyde, benzene and toluene.

• Boston Fern: Easy-care Boston Ferns were shown to help remove pollutants such as formaldehyde, xylene, toluene and benzene.

• Aloe Vera: While being on hand to soothe any kitchen burns and a potent releaser of oxygen, this succulent will be purifying the air of formaldehyde and benzene, found in varnishes, floor finishes, and detergents.

• Broad Lady Palm: This is one of the few plants that can help reduce levels of ammonia that can be found in a range of cleaning products.

• Dracaena or Dragon Tree: Trichloroethylene and xylene are amongst the pollutants fought by this spiky, slow-growing plant. The leaves have a bright red trim which adds a flash of colour to your home.

• Rubber Plant: This hardy low-maintenance houseplant is a natural humidifier, and has been recommended by NASA as one of the best for cleansing the air, reducing bacteria and eliminating mould spores.

CULTIVATING CALM

At the forefront of our current botanical revolution is the role of plants in reducing stress and anxiety. Surrounding ourselves with greenery isn’t just visually pleasing; it’s also profoundly beneficial for our psychological well-being. Scientific research- alongside countless anecdotal accounts- attests to the transformative power of plants in fostering a sense of quiet, tranquillity, and supporting overall mental health.

Numerous studies have demonstrated a direct correlation between exposure to green spaces and decreased levels of cortisol, the body’s primary stress hormone. By simply being in the presence of plants, whether indoors or outdoors, individuals experience a natural decline in stress levels, leading to a greater sense of relaxation and emotional balance.

The mechanisms behind these psychological benefits are multifaceted. One theory suggests that exposure to nature triggers the release of endorphins, the body’s natural mood-boosting chemicals, while simultaneously reducing activity in the brain’s stress response system. Additionally, the visual and tactile stimulation provided by plants can induce a state of mindfulness, allowing individuals to be fully present in the moment and free from the grip of worry and rumination.

Anecdotal evidence further reinforces the therapeutic effects on mental health. Countless individuals have reported feeling calmer, more centred, and better equipped to cope with life’s challenges after surrounding themselves with plants. From urban dwellers transforming their balconies into lush green retreats to office workers adorning their desks with succulents and ferns, the presence of plants has become a ubiquitous symbol or self-care and well-being.

NURTURING MIND AND MEMORY

But the benefits of plants extend beyond mere stress reduction. Studies have also shown that incorporating them into our environments can significantly improve mood and cognitive function with the presence of plants has been linked to elevated feelings of happiness and contentment, as well as enhanced concentration, creativity, and productivity. Whether it’s a potted fern on a desk or a lush garden oasis, greenery has a remarkable ability to uplift spirits and sharpen mental faculties.

While plants may not directly boost mental clarity and memory like specific exercises or medications, their presence fosters an environment conducive to cognitive function and reduces factors hindering mental clarity. Exposure to nature has been shown to holistically enhance cognitive performance, including memory retention and recall, by promoting calmness, reducing stress, and elevating mood. Incorporating plants into environments provides visual stimulation, natural surroundings, and oxygen-rich air, positively impacting concentration and memory.

Studies reveal that exposure to indoor greenery improves concentration, focus, and attention span, essential for memory encoding and retention. The calming effect of plants enhances relaxation and well-being, aiding memory consolidation during sleep. Caring for plants stimulates sensory experiences and mindfulness, correlating with improved cognitive function and memory.

IMMUNE SYSTEM SUPPORT

Houseplants play a subtle yet significant role in supporting the immune system. Away from the aforementioned air quality, and their soul soothing power that inevitably aids immune health, the act of caring for plants can provide a sense of purpose and connection, which has been shown to have positive effects on mental and emotional health, both of which ultimately impact immune system function.

In addition to the purification and peaceful impacts their presence brings and how it contributes to overall well-being and thus immune health, including herbs in your houseplant family is a direct and obvious way to further boost immunity.

Herbs have long been revered for their medicinal properties, with cultures around the world enriching both culinary creations and wellness routines. From their antioxidant-rich compounds to their anti-inflammatory properties, herbs (and wider plant foods) offer a holistic approach to fortifying the immune system and safeguarding against disease. A sunny window sill is all you need and many herbs will thrive with a little bit of care.

EASY TO GROW AT HOME HERBS TO SUPPORT IMMUNITY AND HEALTH.

• Mint: Prized for its refreshing taste, cooling properties and as a natural energizer. It aids digestion and can soothe gastrointestinal conditions, whilst also soothing the respiratory system, helping to ward off infections.

• Coriander: Rich in antioxidants it supports the immune system by neutralising free radicals. Shown to help lower blood sugar levels in people with diabetes, it can also aid detoxification and can help rid the body of multiple heavy metals.

• Parsley: Rich in nutrients, flavonoids and antioxidants that aid in inflammation, protect your eyes and bones and support heart health. Also contains antibacterial activity against yeast, moulds and common infection causing bacteria.

• Oregano: An antimicrobial superstar with powerful antioxidant properties, this herb is useful for balanced gut health, decreasing inflammation, fighting viral infection and to guard against free radical damage. Some test tube studies even showed that it helps slow cancer cell progression.

• Rosemary: High in antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory compounds. Shown to lower blood sugar levels, improve mood and memory and support brain health, vision and eyes.

Incorporating these immune-boosting herbs into daily meals, teas, or homemade remedies provides a delicious and natural way to bolster the body’s defences and promote optimal well-being.

SWEET DREAMS

Sleep is essential for overall wellbeing and in the quest for a good night’s sleep, many of us turn to various remedies and routines to achieve better slumber. Beyond their aesthetic appeal, plants play a surprisingly effective role in promoting restful sleep quality, offering a natural, accessible and soothing way to create a calming environment conducive for those struggling with insomnia or restless nights to switch off and achieve restful sleep.

Again, their role in purifying indoor air cannot be understated. By absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen, plants improve air quality, creating a fresher and more oxygen-rich atmosphere conducive to better breathing and relaxation during sleep. Additionally, certain house plants emit phytoncides, organic compounds that have been shown to reduce stress and lower blood pressure, promoting a sense of calmness and tranquillity that is conducive to falling asleep and staying asleep throughout the night.

Certain plants have earned a reputation for promoting relaxation and improving sleep quality and can contribute to creating tranquil sanctuaries that via bedroom décor and bedside tables, harness natures power for a peaceful night’s sleep. All air purifying options by removing toxins and promoting better respiratory health contribute to improved sleep. Other key ones include Lavender, with its calming fragrance, which has been shown to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation. Making it an ideal addition to the bedroom. And Jasmine, which with its sweet and floral scent, can help alleviate stress and encourage deeper sleep. Aloe vera is another personal favourite, releasing oxygen at night, improving air quality and creating a more conducive environment for rest.

WORDS OF WARNING- Plants and Allergies

Before you go and purchase your first potted pal or add to your existing plant compilation it is important to take a moment and cover some words of warnings for the allergy sufferers amongst us.

If you’re someone prone to allergies, you may have already become curious or noticed the impact an indoor environment can have on your symptoms. Whilst there are clear steps you can take to improve how your home can help in your healing, and plants can come to your aid, in some cases special attention needs to be paid to making sure they remain a help and do not become a hindrance.

The most common allergens associated with houseplants include pollen, mould, and plant proteins. Pollen from flowering plants (and bouquets of flowers) can become airborne and cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals, especially during flowering seasons. A simple solution is to choose female plants that don’t have pollen.  

A significant source of allergy issues that arise when it comes to houseplants is in the form of mould. If the soil is too moist mould can grow in the container (soil) or around the container (standing water). With spores then released into the air, exacerbating symptoms. Keeping track of soil moisture, not over watering and being aware of what water could be lurking in the bottom of pots should ensure mould doesn’t spiral out of control.  Lastly, some people may also develop allergic reactions to certain plant proteins or sap when in contact with the plant. Avoiding contact is therefore essential, and I’d advise giving away any plant that cause this reaction.

To minimize the risk of allergies, individuals with sensitivities should choose houseplants with low pollen production, avoid overwatering to prevent mould growth, and keep plants clean by wiping down leaves regularly. Additionally, proper ventilation and air purification can help reduce indoor allergens and improve air quality.

EMBRACING THE GREEN EVOLUTION

In a world filled with technological advancements and urban landscapes, the importance of fostering a deeper connection to the natural world cannot be overstated.

From their humble beginnings as tiny seeds to their towering presence as stalwart sentinels of clean air and sweet scents, plants remind us of the deep interconnectedness of all living things and the profound impact that even the smallest of actions can have on our health and happiness.

In being mindfulness allies- immovable in themselves but with great capacity to move us- plants offer a transformative path to wellbeing enriching our lives in both tangible and intangible ways. Beyond their aesthetic appeal, they wield remarkable influence. By embracing the green revolution and integrating plants into our surroundings, we embark on a journey towards holistic vitality, knowledge and health. Whether you start and find contentment with a single plant, or seek to add to an already established home jungle, heed nature’s call. And rediscover and revel in the profound beauty and healing power of plants.